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Recent years have witnessed rapid development of high-resolution optical imaging technologies such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and multiphoton microscopy.These technologies have shown significant potential to be translated to clinical practice for imaging tissue microanatomies in vivo at a resolution approaching or at standard histopathology but without the need for tissue removal.Thus they can function as a form of noninvasive "optical histology", which can potentially address various unmet clinical needs in early disease detection, guidance of surgical intervention, and assessment of treatment outcome.This presentation will briefly go over the evolution of these technologies and then focus on our recent advances in ultracompact endomicroscopy technologies, which literally miniaturize a bench-top scanning laser microscope down to a flexible fiber-optic scanning probe of an ~1-2 mm diameter.