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Converting of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide using solar energy and water into renewable hydrocarbon fuels by “artificial photosynthesis” is one of the dream-technology which provides a sustainable way for carbon cycling,and also has both significances in solving energy and environment issues nowadays.There are huge-scale national projects around the world targeting at realization of a practical artificial photosynthetic system.However,the current advances in artificial photosynthesis remains far from sufficient because of kinetic limitation of multiple e-/H + transfer process and limited activation ability of semiconductor photocatalyst to the thermodynamically stable CO2 molecules.A more flexible utilization strategy of solar energy beyond the framework of conventional photocatalysis should be challenged.This talk will introduce the latest research activities in our group 1-12),focusing on our challenges on the scientific and technological possibilities of nano materials for solar fuel conversion.Efforts to explore suitable materials and to optimize their energy band configurations for specific applications,and the design and fabrication of advanced nano-metal/semiconductor composite materials in the framework of nanotechnology will be introduced,taking examples of recent research progress on LSPR induced charge transfer and/or photothermal effect of nanometals on solar fuel conversion.The current understanding of key aspects of solar fuel conversion,as well as the crucial issues that should be addressed in future research activities will also be introduced and discussed.