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Development of fluorescence imaging probes with far-red/near-infrared (FR/NIR) emission is of central importance for in vivo imaging because of their abilities to achieve low biological autofluorescence and high tissue penetration.The currently available FR/NIR fluorescent probes, such as organic dyes and semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), suffer from low photobleaching thresholds or high cytotoxicity in oxidative environment.Recently, conjugated polymer (CP) nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a new generation of fluorescent probe in cellular imaging due to their high brightness, strong photobleaching resistance and low cytotoxicity.