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As the 21st century advances, evidence-based medicine (EBM) has come to be regarded as essential in all field of medical sciences and practical medicine.Creating medicines have been searching for based on EBM and development of new medicine has been carried out.In Japan the number of diabetic patients has increased to 161% during recent 10 years.The number of diabetic complications has also increased and hemodyalysis has been introduced in approximately 16,000 patients/year with diabetic nephropathy.Additionally many diabetic patients are suffering from numbness and pains in extremities derived from diabetic neuropathy.Therefore reduction of diabetic complications is one of the most important considerations in the field of diabetic patient care.Diabetes mellitus is equivalent to "Xiao Ke" in "Jin Gui Yao Lue".We have reported the effectiveness of Goshajinkigan (GJG) (Niu Che Sen Qi Wan) for the treatment of nembness associated with diabetic neuropathy for the first time in Japan in 1984.In a comparative study, GJG showed significantly higher rates of improvement of this symptom versus mechobalamin.Insulin resistance has an important role on the accurrence of type 2 diabetes.We have studies the effects of herbal medicine on the insulin resistance using the euglycemic and molecular biological techniques.1)Animal experimental studies: The improvement of insulin resistance in STZ rats by the administration of GJG might be via NO pathway and due, at least in part, to correct in the abnormal early steps of insulin signaling pathway in skeletal muscle.2)Clinical Studies: Effects of GJG on insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes were investigated.HOMA-R was significantly decreased after GJG treatment (P=0.019).On the other hand, HOMA-R in the control group did not show significant difference.HOMA-R returned to the pre GJG treatment level 1 month after GJG discontinuation (P=0.018).The high-dose clamp resulted in a significantly increased insulin action (MCR levels) after GJG treatment.These animal experimental and clinical studies suggest that GJG might be effective for improving insulin resistance in the patients with type 2 diabetes.In conclusion, herbal medicine might be useful not only for the prevention and the treatment of diabetic complications but also effective for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.