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Background and Aim Rare mutations in the ABCA3 gene are associated with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(RDS),but the contribution of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to preterm RDS differs between ethnicities and remains unclear in the Chinese population.This study was to evaluate whether common SNPs increase the susceptibility to RDS in preterm infants among the Chinese population in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.