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Objective: In tissue engineering, the spatially and temporally controlled delivery of growth factors is essential for tissue regeneration.The objective of this study was to develop novel heparin-conjugated gelatin scaffolds with three-dimensional (3D) nano-structured architecture and the capability of controlled releasing recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) to enhance bone regeneration.Methods: Through a chemical crosslinking process, heparin was efficiently conjugated with gelatin to form heparin-gelatin.Using gelatin and heparin-gelatin in proper proportion, the composite scaffolds with good mechanical strength, high surface areas and porosities,well-interconnected macropores and biomimetic nanofibrous wall structures were fabricated by combining a thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) technique and a porogen-leaching process.