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Cognitive control has been received lots of attention in the past decades,it reflects the ability to suppress a prepotent response and is an important cognitive ability in many aspects of our daily life.It is multifaceted,with one of its core functions being to override,restrain,or inhibit unwanted response tendencies.Previous neuroimaging studies have implicated a network of regions that together form the so-called inhibitory control network that supports the processing of cognitive control.This network includes the middle frontal cortex(especially pre-supplementary motor area,preSMA),lateral frontal lobes(right inferior frontal gyrus,rIFG),subthalamic nucleus(STN),insula,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC),and posterior parietal cortex(PPC).Although activities of these brain areas were found to be associated to the stopping process,the functional role of each area during the process remains unclear.In recent years,our labs have been combining TMS,tDCS with EEG and fMRI to explore the correlational and causal roles of preSMA in inhibitory control(e.g.Chen et al.,2009; Hsu et al.,2011; Liang et al.,2014; Yu et al.,2015,Lee et al.,2016).In this series of experiments,our results indicate that preSMA plays a pivotal role in inhibitory control and noninvasive brain stimulation techniques such as TMS and tDCS can modulate the function effectively.By integrating tDCS with EEG and fMRI,we have also elucidated the mechanisms of tDCS modulation by demonstrating that the complexity of EEG signal and functional connectivity are increased by tDCS thus consequently improve participant performance.I will further discuss these findings with the hypothesis of threshold modification induced by tDCS and proposed the necessity to establish individualized stimulation protocol for the optimal efficacy of noninvasive brain stimulation studies.