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There is an urgent need for more potent and safer approaches to eradicate cancer stem cells (CSCs) for curing cancer.In this study,we investigate cancer-killing activity (CKA) of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells against CSCs of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).To visualize CSCs in vitro by fluorescence imaging,and image and quantify CSCs in tumor xenograft-bearing mice by bioluminescence imaging,HCC cells were engineered with CSC detector vector encoding GFP and luciferase controlled by Nanog promoter.