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哲学上的本体指事物的存在和本质及其特征,文学本体指文学区别于非文学的特征,回答文学是什么、文学的本质是什么的问题。研究文学的本体应该采取全方位的研究视野和宏观的研究方法,确立文学在整个社会结构中的位置,通过比较,说明形象性是文学掌握世界的特殊方式,审美情感性与艺术虚构性是文学区别于其他社会意识形态的本质特征,用语言作材料塑造艺术形象是文学区别于其他艺术形式的特征。语言并非仅仅是文学的材料,同样是文学的本体,是文学赖以存身立命的根本。与非文学文本的言语相比,文学言语是言不及义的,文学的意义通过广义的象征体现出来。
Philosophical ontology refers to the existence and essence of things and their characteristics. The ontology of literature refers to the difference between the characteristics of literature and non-literature, the question of what is literature, and the nature of literature. The ontology of research literature should adopt a full range of research perspectives and macroscopic research methods to establish the position of literature in the whole social structure. By comparison, it shows that image is a special way for literature to master the world. Aesthetic sentiment and art fiction are literary Different from other social ideology, the essential characteristics of the use of language as the material to create the artistic image of literature is different from other forms of art features. Language is not just the material of literature. It is also the body of literature, which is the basis for the survival of literature. Compared with nonverbal texts, literary words are implausible, and literary meanings are expressed through broad symbols.