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小麦(Triticum aestivum)幼穗发育进程和光合作用是小麦育种中必须考虑的两个因素。本研究以小麦-华山新麦草(Psathyrostachys huashanica)全套二体附加系为材料,就附加染色体对幼穗发育进程及光合效应进行了观察和测定,以期对相关性状基因进行染色体定位和综合评价华山新麦草外源染色体对小麦幼穗发育及光合指标的影响。特定序列扩增(sequence characterized amplified regions,SCAR)标记鉴定结果证明,该套附加系全部携带有华山新麦草Ns染色体;同时幼穗解剖观察显示6Ns附加系幼穗发育速度最快,成熟期比对照亲本7182缩短14~16 d;其次是5Ns和2Ns附加系,而4Ns附加系成熟期较亲本7182晚6~7 d;光合指标测定结果表明,1Ns附加系和5 Ns附加系的光合速率最高,达23.73μmol/(m2·s)和23.19μmol/(m2·s),贡献最大,与亲本小麦7182(15.73μmol/(m2·s))差异显著(P<0.05),呈现出正效应,而3Ns附加系(11.10μmol/(m2·s))和6Ns附加系(11.64μmol/(m2·s))较亲本7182呈现出明显的负效应。由此可推测6Ns和1Ns染色体上可能分别存在促使幼穗发育和高光合效应的基因,可作为种质资源改良现有品种,服务于小麦遗传育种。
Triticum aestivum Young panicle development and photosynthesis are two factors that must be considered in wheat breeding. In this study, we used the complete set of two additional lines of Psathyrostachys huashanica as material to observe and measure the growth process and photosynthesis of additional chromosomes in order to carry out the chromosomal location and comprehensive evaluation of related traits genes. Effects of Wheat Straw Exogenous Chromosomes on Wheat Young Panicle Development and Photosynthetic Traits. The result of SCAR marker identification showed that all the additional lines carried the Ns chromosome of P. nivalis. At the same time, panicle panicle observation showed that the panicle of the 6Ns afforestation had the fastest development and the maturity was higher than that of the control The parents 7182 shortened 14-16 days, followed by 5Ns and 2Ns addition lines, while the 4Ns addition lines matured 6-7 days later than their parents 7182. The results of photosynthesis showed that the photosynthetic rate of 1Ns and 5Ns addition lines was the highest, (23.73μmol / (m2 · s) and 23.19μmol / (m2 · s), respectively), which had the largest contribution (P <0.05) to the 7182 (15.73μmol / The 3Ns addition lines (11.10μmol / (m2 · s)) and the 6Ns addition lines (11.64μmol / (m2 · s)) showed a significant negative effect compared to the parental 7182 lines. It can be inferred that 6Ns and 1Ns chromosomes may exist on the chromosome to promote the development of young and photosynthetic genes, germplasm resources can be used to improve existing varieties, serving wheat breeding.