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以6个玉米自交系按双列杂交方法4组配的15个组合为材料,研究了籽粒发育性状与产量性状的关系及遗传效应。结果表明:籽粒发育性状对粒重影响显著,而对单株籽粒产量无显著作用,籽粒发育性状通过粒重影响产量,其中,灌浆速率对粒重的作用大于有效灌浆期。各性状皆有一般配合力的差异,除灌浆速率外,其它性状皆有特殊配合力的差异。有6个性状的一般配合力均方显著大于特殊配合力均方,说明这些性状的变异以加性效应为主。本文分析和讨论了在高产育种及栽培中,可通过延长有效灌浆期、提高灌浆速率、适当缩短停滞期和出苗至抽丝的天数,扩大籽粒体积以提高产量。
Fifteen combinations of four inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) were used as materials to study the relationship between grain development traits and yield traits and their genetic effects. The results showed that grain development traits had a significant effect on grain weight, but had no significant effect on grain yield per plant. Grain development traits affected grain yield by grain weight. Grain filling rate had a greater effect on grain weight than grain filling stage. All the traits had the difference of general combining ability except for the filling rate, but the other traits all had the special combining ability. The average combining ability of six traits was significantly larger than that of the special combining ability, indicating that the variation of these traits was mainly additive effect. In this paper, we analyzed and discussed that in high-yield breeding and cultivation, the grain volume can be enlarged to increase the yield by extending the effective filling period, increasing the filling rate, shortening the stagnant period and the number of days from emergence to spinning.