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TRPC6(The transient receptor potential canonical 6)为瞬时受体电位(TRP)超家族的成员之一,编码钙可通透的非选择性阳离子通道。其具有六次跨膜结构。TRPC6同型或异型四聚体通道由TRPC6蛋白相互结合形成或与同在一个亚家族的TRPC3,TRPC7形成。TRPC6通道可被G蛋白耦联受体(GPCR)和受体酪氨酸激酶(receptor tyrosine kinases RTK)通过激活磷脂酶C(PLC)激活。其还可直接被第二信使DAG(diacylglycerol)激活。已有研究证实该通道通过激活上述信号传导通路参与了多种生理过程。TRPC6基因编码的蛋白在人体多个部位均有表达。TRPC6在中枢神经系统广泛表达。其在不同部位的表达量不同,并与TRPC家族的其他成员一起参与了多种生理过程。TRPC6引起的细胞阳离子浓度的变化可能参与了多种神经系统疾病的发生发展过程。因此,研究TRPC6在中枢神经系统中的作用对疾病发病机制的了解及治疗变得更有意义。本文就TRPC6在中枢神经系统中的作用进行综述,并主要介绍其在树突发育,神经元保护及细胞生长方面的作用。
The transient receptor potential canonical 6 is a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily and encodes calcium-permeable, nonselective cation channels. It has six transmembrane structures. TRPC6 homo- or hetero-tetramers channels are formed by the binding of TRPC6 proteins to each other or to TRPC3, TRPC7, which are in the same subfamily. The TRPC6 channel can be activated by phospholipase C (PLC) by G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases RTKs. It can also be activated directly by the second messenger DAG (diacylglycerol). Studies have shown that this pathway participates in a variety of physiological processes by activating these signaling pathways. The protein encoded by TRPC6 gene is expressed in many parts of the human body. TRPC6 is widely expressed in the central nervous system. It has different expression levels in different parts and participates in various physiological processes along with other members of the TRPC family. TRPC6-induced changes in cell cation concentrations may be involved in the development of a variety of neurological diseases. Therefore, studying the role of TRPC6 in the central nervous system becomes more meaningful for understanding and treating the pathogenesis of the disease. This review summarizes the role of TRPC6 in the central nervous system and focuses on its role in dendritic development, neuronal protection, and cell growth.