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本文通过分析中华民国临时政府与英国等列强于1912年至1913年期间所进行的善后大借款交涉,进而探讨英国对华政策的若干特质。英国政府参与善后大借款的主要目标之一为强化袁世凯政府对中国国内的控制。由于该目标的对象为中国国内政局,因此在借款交涉的过程中,英国政府的决策深受朱尔典公使等“英国驻华现场人员”(驻华外交官等人员)的影响。该次借款并非仅为外交交涉,同时亦牵涉北京政府内部政局的演变,观察中国内政的英国现场人员因深恐袁世凯政权崩溃,进而在借款条件上做出让步。总而言之,英国对华政策企图影响中国国内政治,但它反而深受中国国内政治的影响。
This article examines some of the traits of Britain’s China policy toward China by analyzing the negotiations between the Provisional Government of the Republic of China and Britain and other powers during the period from 1912 to 1913. One of the main goals of the British government in participating in the recovery of big loans is to strengthen the government of Yuan Shikai’s control over China. Because this target is targeted at the domestic political situation in China, the decision-making by the British government is greatly influenced by Foreign Minister Zhu Erdian and other “personnel of the British field presence in China” (diplomats in China) during the negotiations on the loan. The borrowing was not just for diplomatic negotiations but also involved the evolution of the internal political situation in the Beijing government. British field personnel observing China’s internal affairs, due to the fear of the collapse of Yuan Shikai’s regime, made further concessions on borrowing terms. All in all, while Britain’s policy toward China has attempted to influence China’s domestic politics, it has instead been greatly influenced by China’s domestic politics.