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利用自制步进摩擦试验机,测试了人体在水平静止路面、上下坡面、水平加速运动路面上行走时脚底接触力、摩擦系数、制动期时间及冲量变化.通过人体受力分析,根据力及力矩平衡原理探讨了人体行走制动期的滑摔机制.研究表明,水平静止路面行走时,制动期脚底所需摩擦系数可用RCOF=tgθ表征,RCOF越大,滑摔风险越高.下坡行走时,身体所需摩擦系数RCOF=tg(θ+α)随下坡角度增大而增大,滑摔风险增加;上坡行走时,RCOF=tg(θ-α)随上坡角度增大而减小,滑摔风险降低.水平加速运动路面上行走时,身体所需摩擦系数RCOF=tgθ随反向加速度的增大而增大,滑摔风险升高;随正向加速度的增大而减小,滑摔风险降低.人体在不同地面状态下行走时,可通过改变身体重心运动方向的惯性力、调整步态制动期及起步期的时间分配以改变摩擦力,满足重心平衡条件,确保身体平衡.
The self-made stepper friction tester was used to test the contact force, the friction coefficient, the braking time and the change of the foot when the human body was walking on the horizontal static road surface, the upper and lower slope surfaces and the horizontal accelerating road surface. By human body force analysis, And the principle of moment balance, the sliding mechanism of human walking during braking is discussed.The research shows that the friction coefficient of foot during braking can be characterized by RCOF = tgθ when the horizontal static road is walking, and the higher the RCOF, the higher the risk of sliding falls RCOF = tg (θ + α) increases as the descent angle increases, and the risk of slipping and falling increases. When walking uphill, RCOF = tg (θ-α) Large and reduce the risk of sliding drop.When walking on the horizontal acceleration pavement, the friction coefficient required by the body RCOF = tgθ increases with the reverse acceleration increases, sliding risk increases; with the increase of the positive acceleration While reducing the risk of sliding drop.When the human body walking in different ground conditions, by changing the inertial force of the direction of the body center of gravity movement, adjusting the gait braking period and initial period of time to change the friction to meet the center of gravity balance conditions , To ensure that the body is balanced.