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一、引言如所周知,沿明渠湿周的边界切应力分布与明渠横断面形式、付流涡的结构以及边界粗糙度的任何可能的不均匀性等因素有关。从许多与阻力、泥沙、扩散或气蚀等问题有关的水力学方程中应用到局部或平均边界切应力,就可以证明了解边界切应力分布的重要性。在早先耐特的文献中,已经提出了不同宽深比和相对粗糙度的矩形明渠边墙总切力的百分比的一些试验成果。本文提出光滑矩形明渠水流的一些新资料的目的是使早先提出的那些方程的形式具体化,并揭示出明渠和封闭管道水流之间的差异。根据克鲁夫、格荷许和罗
I. INTRODUCTION As we all know, the boundary shear stress distribution along the open channel wet zone is related to the factors such as the cross-section of the open channel, the structure of the vortex flow and any possible inhomogeneities of the boundary roughness. Applying local or average boundary shear stresses from many of the hydraulic equations related to drag, sediment, diffusion, or cavitation can demonstrate the importance of understanding the distribution of shear stresses across boundaries. In earlier Knight’s literature, a number of experimental results have been proposed for the percentage of the total shear force of rectangular open channel sidewalls with different aspect ratios and relative roughness. The purpose of this paper to provide some new information on smooth rectangular open channel flows is to substantiate the forms of those previously proposed and to reveal the differences between open and closed pipe flows. According to Kruf, Gage and Xu