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美国财务会计准则公告第H 号对衍生金融工具的定义为:“一项价值由名义规定的、衍生于所依据的资产或指数的业务或合约”。我国理论界对衍生金融工具的一般解释为由股票、债券、利率、汇率等基本金融工具派生出来的一种新的金融合约。 目前国际金融市场上的衍生金融工具种类很多,按其自身的交易特点大致可以分为金融期货、金融期权、金融互换、远期合约四大类。这四类衍生工具中,远期合约是其他三种衍生工具的始祖,其他衍生工具均可以认为是远期合约的延伸或变形。
US Financial Accounting Standards Notice No. H defines a derivative financial instrument as “a business or contract whose value is defined in the name derived from the underlying asset or index.” The general explanation of derivative financial instruments by our country’s theorists is a new type of financial contract derived from basic financial instruments such as stocks, bonds, interest rates and exchange rates. At present, there are many types of derivative financial instruments in the international financial market. According to the characteristics of their own transactions, they can be broadly divided into four categories: financial futures, financial options, financial swap and forward contracts. Among the four types of derivatives, forward contracts are the first ancestors of the other three derivatives. Other derivatives can be considered as extensions or distortions of forward contracts.