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三峡工程的效益主要在其下游,但对其上游也并非只有不利影响。本文主要论述了三峡工程对上游地区的有利作用和不利影响是:1.川江重庆至宜昌段航道条件复杂,三峡水库建成蓄水后,重庆以下枯水急流滩险、单向航道全部淹没,万吨船队一年中有半年时间可直达九龙坡,并可改善支流航道,库区形成的新港口可为西南运输开创新局面。水库蓄水后将消除因滑坡、崖崩而引起的碍航。蓄水初期重庆以下回水变动区航道比天然情况有较大改善;后期随库尾淤积增加,对变动回水区的局部航道和港口将产生一些不利影响,但采取措施可予解决,如考虑三峡上游建库拦沙,库尾河段淤积可大大减少,对航道及港口不利影响亦相应减缓。2.三峡工程安排二回500千伏出线向川东送电,将促进万县、涪陵地区经济发展。3.三峡水库按正常蓄水位超高2米及20年一遇回水移民,使库区天然情况下经常受洪灾的人,不再受洪灾困扰。4.兴建三峡工程后,由于水位抬高,虽有部分景区被淹或受到影响,但三峡幽秀景色将能更充分展现。对少数被淹景点可按原貌迁移或予防护,三峡风景固有特色和三峡巍峨大坝将构成新的壮丽景观。
The Three Gorges Project benefits mainly in its downstream, but not only its upstream has only adverse effects. This paper mainly discusses the beneficial effects and adverse effects of the Three Gorges Project on the upper reaches of the region: 1. The conditions of the Chongqing-Yichang section of the Chuanjiang River are complex. After the completion of the Three Gorges Reservoir, The fleet of tonne tonnage can reach Jiulongpo in six months a year and can improve tributary waterway. The new port formed in the reservoir area can open up a new situation for southwest transportation. Reservoir impoundment will eliminate the landslide, cliff collapse caused by obstruction. In the early period of impoundment, the watercourse of the backwater changing zone below Chongqing has been greatly improved compared with the natural situation. In the late stage, siltation of the reservoir tailings will increase, which will have some adverse effects on the local waterways and seaports in the fluctuating backwaters area. However, measures such as Sediment deposition in the upper reaches of the Three Gorges Reservoir and siltation in the bank of the tail of the Three Gorges Reservoir can be greatly reduced, adverse impacts on the navigation channels and ports also correspondingly slowed down. 2. Three Gorges Project to arrange two back to 500,000 volts outlet to the eastern Sichuan power transmission, will promote Wanxian, Fuling regional economic development. 3. According to the fact that the Three Gorges Reservoir is displaced by 2 meters of normal water level and backwater once in 20 years, the flood-affected people in the reservoir area will not be bothered by the flood any more. 4. After the construction of the Three Gorges Project, some scenic spots are submerged or affected due to elevation of water level, but the Three Gorges scenery will be more fully displayed. To a small number of submerged spots according to the original migration or protection, the Three Gorges scenery inherent characteristics and the Three Gorges dam will form a new magnificent landscape.