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一、洪水特性秦淮河流域的洪水特性是:当地雨洪,源短流急、汇流快、洪峰高、水位陡涨,出口受江潮顶托退水慢,形成长期高水压出的态势。影响洪水的主要因素有地形、气候、江潮和人类的经济活动。(一)地形因素秦淮河发源于句容、溧水两县山区,流经江宁县在河定桥分两支入江:老秦淮河绕南京城至三汊河人江;秦淮新河在雨花区金胜村入江。流域面积2631km~2。四周为丘陵山区,面积1956km~2,占总面积的74.3%;腹部为平原圩区,面积675km~2,占总面积的25.7%。秦淮河流域长宽各约50km,东部为茅山山脉,北部为宁镇山系,南部有浮山、东芦山等,西部有云台山、牛首山等,峰高250～450m,山下均为丘陵地带,高程在+25～+70m之间(吴淞基面),延伸与地面高程为+7～+10m的平原圩区相连,地形掷落坡度较大。秦淮河有16条支流呈扇形向干流汇集,山丘区洪水径流系数大,源短坡陡流急,洪峰高,水位陡涨。据几次较大洪水统计,雨前雨后赤山湖闸下水位上涨幅度3.8～
First, the flood characteristics Qinhuai River flood characteristics are: the local rain, the source of short flows acute, confluence, high flood peak, the water level rose sharply, exports by the Jiang Chao Ding Tuotui retreat slow, the formation of long-term high pressure out of the situation. The main factors affecting the flood are topography, climate, the boom and human economic activities. (A) Topography Qinhuai originated in Jurong, Lishui two counties in the mountains, flowing through Jiangning County in Heding Bridge is divided into two branches: the old Qinhuai River around the city of Nanjing to the Sanxinghe Renjiang; Qinhuai River in Yuhua District Kim Seung village into the river. Watershed area of 2631km ~ 2. Surrounded by hills and mountains, with an area of 1956km ~ 2, accounting for 74.3% of the total area; abdomen plains polder area of 675km ~ 2, accounting for 25.7% of the total area. Qinhuai River Basin length and width of about 50km, the eastern part of the Maoshan range, the northern Ningzhen mountain system, the southern Fushan, East Lushan, the western Yuntaishan, Niushou Shan, peak 250 ~ 450m, the hills are hilly areas, the elevation Between + 25 ~ + 70m (Wusong basal plane), the extension extends to the plain dike area where the elevation of the ground is +7 ~ + 10m. There are 16 tributaries in the Qinhuai River fan-shaped to the main stream convergence, hill flood runoff coefficient, the source short slope steep flow acute, flood peak, the water level rose sharply. According to several major flood statistics, the water level of Chishan Lake Brake rose 3.8% after the rain