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[目的]摸清宁阳县粉尘危害现状,以便采取相应防制对策,保护粉尘作业职工健康。[方法]对1993~2007年宁阳县接尘工人职业性健康检查及作业场所粉尘浓度检测结果进行分析。[结果]2004~2007年合计检查1 641名接尘人员,检出可疑尘肺(O+)174例,检出率为10.60%;检出尘肺病人16例,患病率为0.98%,其中新增尘肺病例13例,检出率为0.58%。1993~2007年发现尘肺69例,发病时年龄为(45.04±9.85)岁,发病时工龄为(22.36±9.46)年,发病时实际接尘工龄为(16.62±10.13)年;其中Ⅰ期尘肺60例,Ⅱ期尘肺6例,Ⅲ期尘肺3例,已有5例分别在1995~2006年死亡。1993~2007年合计检测1 223家企业的粉尘作业点7 427个,合格的3 368个,合格率为45.35%。检测合格率,各年波动在40.47%~58.38%;12家国有企业为71.43%,14家集体企业为65.85%,131家乡镇企业为35.63%(P<0.01)。2007年检测点粉尘浓度合格率,矽尘、水泥尘、电焊烟尘、煤尘、有机尘和其他尘点分别为15.01%、35.22%、47.31%、50.67%、37.93%、55.28%(P<0.01)。[结论]宁阳县粉尘危害日趋严重,乡镇企业粉尘危害高于国有、集体企业,可疑尘肺阳性率较高。
[Objective] To find out the status quo of dust hazard in Ningyang County in order to take corresponding measures to prevent and control the health of dust workers. [Method] The results of occupational health examination and dust concentration test in workplaces of dusting workers in Ningyang County from 1993 to 2007 were analyzed. [Results] A total of 1 641 dust collectors were inspected in 2004 ~ 2007, 174 cases of suspected pneumoconiosis (O +) were detected, the detection rate was 10.60%; 16 cases of pneumoconiosis were detected, the prevalence was 0.98% Pneumoconiosis cases in 13 cases, the detection rate was 0.58%. From 1993 to 2007, 69 cases of pneumoconiosis were found, the age of onset was (45.04 ± 9.85) years and the onset time was (22.36 ± 9.46) years. The actual dusting age at onset was (16.62 ± 10.13) years. Cases, Ⅱ pneumoconiosis in 6 cases, Ⅲ pneumoconiosis in 3 cases, 5 cases were killed in 1995 to 2006. In 1993-2007, a total of 7,221 dust operations were detected in 1 223 enterprises, of which 3 368 were qualified, with a pass rate of 45.35%. The qualified rate of detection was 40.47% ~ 58.38% in each year; 71.43% in 12 state-owned enterprises, 65.85% in 14 collective enterprises and 35.63% in 131 township enterprises (P <0.01). The passing rate of dust concentration at the testing sites in 2007 was 15.01%, 35.22%, 47.31%, 50.67%, 37.93%, 55.28% (P <0.01) for silica dust, cement dust, welding dust, coal dust, organic dust and other dust spots respectively ). [Conclusion] The dust hazard of Ningyang County is more and more serious. The dust hazard of township and village enterprises is higher than that of state-owned and collective enterprises. The positive rate of suspicious pneumoconiosis is high.