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基于1970年代、1990、2000、2010年4个时相的冰湖编目数据,分析近40 a来中国喜马拉雅山区不同时段、不同流域和不同海拔冰湖的变化特征。近40 a来中国喜马拉雅山区冰湖变化总体呈现“数量弱减少、面积持续显著增大”的趋势,平均数量减少0.3%,面积增加53.1%±11.5%,但冰湖变化年代际差异明显。西部流域冰湖面积增速明显快于东部流域,由西至东,平均以线性递减率为2.4%/(°)的趋势减少。不同海拔高度的冰湖面积呈扩张态势,76.7%的流域冰湖面积年净增率在不同高度带上呈现出“单峰型”增长模式,其他流域呈“双峰型”甚至“多峰型”扩张模式,体现不同高程上冰湖扩张的复杂性与气候变化的垂直差异性。
Based on the catalog data of glacial lakes in the four phases of the 1970s, 1990, 2000 and 2010, the change characteristics of glacial lakes in different regions and different altitudes in the Himalayas of China in the past 40 years were analyzed. In the recent 40 years, the change of glacial lakes in the Himalayas in China showed a trend of “weakening in quantity and increasing in area significantly”, with an average decrease of 0.3% and an increase of 53.1% ± 11.5% in area, but the interdecadal difference of glacial lake was significant . The growth rate of glacier area in the western basin was significantly faster than that in the eastern basin, decreasing from west to east on the average with a linear decreasing rate of 2.4% / (°). The glacier area at different altitudes showed an expansion trend. The annual net increase rate of glacial lake area in 76.7% showed “unimodal” growth pattern at different altitudes, and “bimodal” “Multi-peak ” expansion mode, reflecting the different elevation of the ice lake expansion of the complexity of the vertical differences and climate change.