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苏联最近试验研究了能在低含水率的非粘性土中冲孔的设备(图1),该设备由导杆、沉管、中空支架、冲头和导板组成。导杆长18m,上端与吊车起重臂铰接,下端与横梁相连。沉管长12m,支架长4m,均安装在导杆上,沿导杆运动。沉管外径为0.63m。钢制冲头长5m,重4～5t,在沉管和支架内运动。冲头直径比沉管小0.1m,为使冲头在沉管内运动时不会倾斜和摆动,沿其周边均匀地焊上一些钢筋。冲头底部安有底径0.2m的锥体,用来给沉管和导板对中。导板是环形钢板,直径0.67m,孔径0.2m。导板直径比沉管外径大4cm,以保证沉管顺利地沉入桩孔中。
The Soviet Union recently experimented with equipment capable of punching holes in low-moisture non- cohesive soils (Fig. 1) consisting of guides, immersed tubes, hollow supports, punches and guide plates. The guide rod is 18m long. The upper end is articulated with the crane arm and the lower end is connected with the crossbeam. The immersed tube length is 12m and the length of the stent is 4m. They are mounted on the guide rod and move along the guide rod. The outer diameter of the immersed tube is 0.63m. The steel punches are 5m long and weigh 4 to 5t. They move in the immersed tube and bracket. The diameter of the punch is 0.1m smaller than that of the immersed tube. In order to prevent the punch from tilting and swinging during movement in the immersed tube, some reinforcing steel bars are evenly welded along the circumference. The bottom of the punch is equipped with a cone with a bottom diameter of 0.2m to center the sinker and the guide. The guide plate is an annular steel plate with a diameter of 0.67m and an aperture of 0.2m. The diameter of the guide plate is 4 cm larger than the outer diameter of the immersed tube to ensure that the immersed tube will sink into the pile hole.