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用扫描电镜观察大鼠闭合性脑损伤后直接致死及伤后１５分钟至伤后５天处死的大鼠脑组织形态学改变，发现大鼠脑震荡性损伤后病变主要为：全脑弥漫性神经纤维排列紊乱、扭曲、波浪状变形和断裂；髓鞘脱落或套袖样剥离；轴索肿胀；轴索断端收缩球形成；神经纤维表面颗粒状隆起（芽生现象）；神经细胞球形肿胀；神经细胞膜穿孔状破裂；神经细胞膜表面突触脱失或减少；脑实质血管壁破裂穿孔。神经纤维的各种改变均随伤后存活时间的延长而加重，其中轴索收缩球于伤后８ｈ出现，直径约为３～５μｍ，伤后３～５天可达７～８μｍ。损伤多见于额叶和顶叶、皮质－白质交界区、胼胝体和内囊区，尤以脑干为重
Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the morphological changes of brain tissue of rats that were directly killed after closed brain injury and sacrificed from 15 minutes after injury to 5 days after injury. The lesions in rats after concussion injury were mainly diffuse nerve Fibrous dislocation, distortion, wavy deformation and fracture; myelin off or sleeve sleeve-like stripping; axonal swelling; axonal broken ends of the formation of the ball; nerve fiber surface granular bulge (budding phenomenon); neuronal spherical swelling; nerve Cell membrane perforation rupture; neuronal membrane surface synapse loss or decrease; parenchymal vessel wall rupture perforation. Various changes of nerve fibers were aggravated with the prolongation of survival time. Axonal contraction ball appeared at 8h after injury, with a diameter of 3 ~ 5μm and 7 ~ 8μm in 3 ~ 5 days after injury. Damage more common in the frontal and parietal cortex - white matter junction area, the corpus callosum and the inner capsule area, especially in the brain stem weight