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短柄乌头为毛茛科乌头属中国特有珍稀濒危植物,该物种现仅在云南、四川有分布,且数量稀少,被IUCN列为濒危种。文章以云南西北部、东北部、四川西南部短柄乌头为研究对象,分析其居群生态特征,为短柄乌头的驯化栽培与持续利用提供科学依据。该研究采用的方法主要是通过查阅文献和比对标本,对短柄乌头分布区进行走访和实地生态因子调查。结果表明,调查研究的10个居群,云南会泽居群、巧家居群、东川居群、云龙居群和四川盐源居群属于高山草甸类,云南丽江居群、鹤庆居群、剑川居群和四川木里居群属于高山灌丛类,云南宁蒗居群是唯一一个既有高寒乔木又有高寒灌丛的居群。受光照、土壤类型、海拔高度以及温度的影响,短柄乌头仅分布于N22°51.783’-28°21.621’、E99°33.176’-103°59.463’,海拔3000~4300m的高寒草甸、高寒灌丛及高寒乔木-灌丛区;分布区年均温较低,湿度大,光照良好,土壤主要为微酸性的黄棕壤、棕壤和暗棕壤。对短柄乌头分布影响较大的因子是土壤、湿度和温度。
Aconite is a rare and endangered plant endemic to Ranunculaceae, which is endemic to Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces. It is sparsely populated and listed as an endangered species by IUCN. In this paper, the dominant species of Aconiti fordelabrum in northwestern Yunnan, northeastern Sichuan and southwestern Sichuan were analyzed, and the ecological characteristics of their populations were analyzed to provide a scientific basis for the domestication and sustainable utilization of Aconiti. The main method used in this research is to investigate the distribution of short-handled aconitum and field ecological factors by consulting literatures and comparing specimens. The results showed that 10 populations of the survey, Yunnan Huize population, Qiaojia population, Dongchuan population, Yunlong population and Sichuan Yanyuan population belonged to alpine meadow, Yunnan Lijiang population, Heqing population , Jianchuan and Sichuan Muli belonged to alpine shrubs, and the population of Ningguo in Yunnan was the only one with both alpine trees and alpine shrubs. Under the influence of light, soil type, altitude and temperature, Aconitum acutum was only distributed in the alpine meadow with an elevation of 3000 ~ 4300m at N22 ° 51.783’-28 ° 21.621 ’, E99 ° 33.176’-103 ° 59.463’ Shrubs and alpine trees - shrub area; the average annual temperature in the distribution area is low, humidity is high, light is good, the soil is mainly slightly acidic yellow brown soil, brown soil and dark brown soil. The factors that affect the distribution of Aconitum more often are soil, humidity and temperature.