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研究带电粒子在电场中的运动,主要有两种方法:(1)是从电场力的性质出发,应用牛顿第二定律求出带电粒子的加速度,再根据带电粒子的初速度和加速度应用运动学公式求出结果;(2)是从电场能的性质出发,应用动能定理求出结果。前者适用于带电粒子在匀强电场中的运动,后者适用范围较广,而且较为方便。带电粒子在电场中的运动,涉及到电场力、电场能与粒子的速度、加速度、位移、动能、电势能等有关问题,内涵丰富且灵活多变。下面通过实例作一选析。
There are mainly two methods for studying the motion of charged particles in an electric field: (1) Starting from the properties of the electric field force, Newton’s second law is applied to obtain the acceleration of charged particles, and then kinematics is applied according to the initial velocity and acceleration of the charged particles. The formula finds the result; (2) starts from the property of the electric field energy, and applies the kinetic energy theorem to find the result. The former is suitable for the motion of charged particles in a uniform electric field, which is suitable for a wider range of applications and is more convenient. The movement of charged particles in an electric field involves the problems of electric field force, electric field energy and particle velocity, acceleration, displacement, kinetic energy, potential energy, etc. It is rich in content and flexible. The following examples are selected for analysis.