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目的通过头影测量片检测第二前磨牙先天缺失与颈椎骨骼异常之间是否存在关联。方法选取2002—2015年中国医科大学附属口腔医院正畸科就诊的第二前磨牙先天缺失的研究组患者56例,其中男24例,女32例;年龄14~42岁。无恒牙先天缺失(除第三磨牙外)且接受正畸治疗的安氏Ⅰ类患者250例对照组,其中男85例,女165例;年龄18~36岁。头颅侧位片记录前4个颈椎融合和后弓缺陷数据,曲面断层片记录第二前磨牙缺失情况。第二前磨牙先天缺失与颈椎骨骼异常之间的关系采用χ2检验进行分析。结果研究组颈椎融合发生率为58.9%,对照组为13.2%,研究组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组寰椎后弓缺陷发生率为5.4%,对照组为2.8%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组颈椎融合合并后弓缺陷发生率为3.6%,对照组为1.2%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论第二前磨牙先天缺失患者颈椎骨骼异常发生率明显增加。
Objective To detect whether there is a correlation between congenital absence of second premolar and cervical skeletal abnormalities by cephalometric film. Methods Fifty-six patients (24 males and 32 females) in the study group of congenital absence of second premolar who were admitted to orthopedics department of Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University from 2002 to 2015 were selected and aged from 14 to 42 years old. There were 250 control subjects of Class I patients without permanent tooth birth defects (except the third molars) who received orthodontic treatment, including 85 males and 165 females, aged 18-36 years. The cranial lateral radiographs recorded the data of the 4 cervical fusion and posterior arch defects in the first 4 days and the missing records of the second premolar in the curved surface slice. The relationship between the second premolar inborn defect and cervical skeletal abnormalities was analyzed by χ2 test. Results The incidence of cervical fusion was 58.9% in the study group and 13.2% in the control group, which was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of posterior arch defects was 5.4% in the study group and 2.8% in the control group (P <0.05). In the study group, the incidence of cervical fusion combined with bow defect was 3.6% in the study group and 1.2% in the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The incidence of cervical skeletal abnormalities in patients with congenital absence of second premolars is significantly increased.