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中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch.)俗称羊桃、藤梨,是我国分布广泛、发展潜力极大的野生果树。因其果实清香可口、营养丰富、产量高、用途广而受到国内外人们的高度重视,被誉为新兴的“水果之王”,畅销国际市场。然而,猕猴桃在我国尚处于野生状态,品种混杂不清,品质普遍不佳,极不适应对外出口和国内加工、鲜销的要求。因之,尽快培育出能供商品化生产的优良品种,是当前刻不容缓的任务。而选育良种必先进行引种栽培,可是目前从自然界中选择出来的优良单株,往往生长在交通极不方便的深山老林之中。若采用嫩枝扦插法,则常因枝条幼嫩、途中耽误时间过长而很难成活,直接影响了良种选育工作的开展。为了解决这一难题,我们进行了提高硬枝扦插成活率的试验,共作了6批、30多个组合、8,000多条插穗的对比试验,基本上掌握了它的生根规律,取得了最佳组合成活率达98％、一般成活率达70—80％的效果。现将我们所采取的主要措施简介于下:
Actinidia chinensis Planch., Commonly known as kaffir, rattan and pear, is a wild fruit tree with wide distribution and great potential for development in China. Because of its delicious fruit, nutritious, high yield and wide use, it has been highly valued by people both at home and abroad. It is praised as the emerging “king of fruits” and sold well in the international market. However, kiwifruit in our country is still in the wild, the species mixed unclear, generally poor quality, very suited to the export and domestic processing, selling the requirements. Therefore, as soon as possible to cultivate good varieties for commercial production, is the immediate task. The breeding varieties must first be introduced and cultivated, but currently selected from the nature of the excellent single plant, often grow in extremely inconvenient traffic among the mountains and forests. If the use of softwood cutting method, often because of the tender branches, on the way too long and difficult to survive, a direct impact on the development of breeding. In order to solve this problem, we conducted experiments to improve the survival rate of hardwood cutting. A total of six batches, more than 30 combinations and more than 8,000 cuttings were contrasted to basically grasp its rooting rules and achieved the best results Combination of survival rate of 98%, the general survival rate of 70-80% of the results. Here is a brief overview of the major steps we have taken: