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目的探讨孤独谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)患儿父母压力和家庭功能的相关性,对改善家庭困境及患儿预后提供参考依据。方法采用父母压力指数量表(Parenting Stress Index,PSI)、家庭功能评定量表(Family Assessment Device,FAD)对ASD患儿父母进行评定。结果 1)不同性别患儿父母在接受度、要求、角色限制差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同学龄期患儿父母在注意缺陷/多动、适应性、心境、接受度、要求、依恋以及压力总分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),低收入家庭与高收入家庭在多个维度间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2)学龄前患儿父母的问题解决能力强于学龄期患儿父母(P<0.05);较高收入组在问题解决、角色、情感反应、行为控制、总体功能方面明显优于较低收入组(P<0.01);3)父母压力与父母亲受教育年限及家庭收入呈负相关,与患儿年龄及家庭功能量表的得分呈正相关;父母压力主要受母亲受教育年限、家庭功能中的行为控制以及总体功能影响。结论家庭在养育ASD患儿时存在一定的压力,养育男性患儿承受的压力更大,同时家庭收入也在一定程度上影响父母压力及家庭功能;并且家庭功能越差父母承受的压力越大。
Objective To investigate the relationship between parental stress and family function in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and provide references for improving family distress and prognosis in children. Methods Parental Stress Index (PSI) and Family Assessment Device (FAD) were used to assess parents of children with ASD. Results 1) Parents of children of different sexes had significant differences in acceptance, requirement and role limitation (P <0.05); Parents of children of different age had significant differences in attention deficit / hyperactivity, adaptability, mood, acceptance, (P <0.05). There was significant difference between low-income families and high-income families in multiple dimensions (P <0.05). 2) The problem-solving ability of preschool children’s parents (P <0.05); higher income group was significantly better than lower income group in problem solving, role, emotional response, behavior control and overall function (P <0.01); 3) Parents pressure and Parents were negatively related to their years of education and their family income, and positively correlated with the children’s age and family function scale. Parents ’stress was mainly influenced by their mothers’ years of education, behavior control in family functions and overall function. Conclusions There is a certain amount of pressure on family rearing children with ASD. The pressure on nourishing men is greater, and family income also affects parents’ pressure and family function to a certain extent. The worse the family function, the greater the pressure on their parents.