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一、前言酶是微生物新陈代谢过程中的分泌物,具有生物催化功能。酶催化与一般的无机催化剂相比具有效率高、选择性好和反应条件缓和三大特点。因此,它在发酵、食品和医学等工业技术部门已得到较为普遍的应用。但是,酶以溶解于水的形式使用只能和反应物作用一次,用后无法与反应物和生成物分离重复使用,造成酶污染产物和生产成本高的缺点。进入50年代以来,人们为了克服液相酶应用时的这些缺点,不断有人研究用化学的或物理的方法将酶固定在不溶性的载体上。直至1969年日本的千畑一郎首次研究成
First, the preamble Enzyme is the secretion of microbial metabolism process, with biological catalytic function. Enzyme catalysis compared with the general inorganic catalyst with high efficiency, good selectivity and reaction conditions to ease the three major characteristics. Therefore, it has been more commonly used in industrial technology departments such as fermentation, food and medicine. However, the use of the enzyme dissolved in water only works once with the reactants, and can not be used repeatedly after being separated from the reactants and products, resulting in the disadvantages that the enzymes contaminate the products and the production cost is high. Since the 1950s, in order to overcome these shortcomings in the application of liquid phase enzymes, there has been ongoing research to immobilize enzymes on insoluble carriers using chemical or physical methods. It was not until 1969 when Japan’s Imam Ichiro studied for the first time