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[解剖]肾脏是重要的泌尿器官。左肾的解剖位置比右肾稍高,上界在11胸椎体水平,下界在第二腰椎水平线上。右肾上界平12胸椎,下界位于第三腰椎水平线上。肾脏的血液主要是由腹主动脉直接分支的肾动脉所供给。人肾的重量平均120～200克,一般左肾较重。肾体表有一层薄而牢固的膜叫纤维膜,其下有一层肌膜。肾实质可分皮质、髓质两大部分。
[Anatomy] The kidney is an important urinary organ. Left kidney anatomical location slightly higher than the right kidney, the upper bound in the 11 thoracic vertebral level, the lower bound in the second lumbar level. Upper right kidney flat 12 thoracic vertebra, lower bound in the third lumbar level. The kidneys’ blood is mainly supplied by the renal arteries directly bifurcated by the abdominal aorta. The average weight of human kidney 120 to 200 grams, the general left kidney heavier. The surface of the kidney has a thin, firm membrane called a fibrous membrane with a layer of sarcolemma beneath it. Renal parenchyma can be sub-cortical, medulla two parts.