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通过4年田间定位试验,研究均匀垄与宽窄行种植模式下玉米秸秆不同还田方式对黑土肥力特征与玉米产量的影响。结果表明,在均匀垄与宽窄行种植模式下,玉米秸秆深翻还田能明显降低耕层(0~20 cm)的土壤容重,增加相应的土壤含水量,提高土壤有机质与速效氮、速效钾含量。对亚耕层(21~40 cm)土壤的培育作用更为突出,与无秸秆还田处理相比,秸秆深翻还田使亚耕层土壤容重分别下降6.8%和10.2%,土壤有机质含量分别增加20.1%和14.2%,速效氮含量分别增加12.2%和12.3%,速效钾含量分别增加20.0%和22.0%。秸秆覆盖还田显著增加耕层的土壤有机质与速效氮含量,对亚耕层土壤肥力特征的影响不明显。在两种植模式下,秸秆不同还田方式玉米产量均表现为秸秆深翻>无秸秆还田>秸秆覆盖。在东北黑土区,玉米秸秆深翻还田措施能够有效提升土壤肥力,实现玉米的稳产与增产。
Through 4-year field experiment, the effects of different return patterns of maize stalks on the fertility characteristics and yield of maize under uniform ridge-width and width-row planting patterns were studied. The results showed that under the condition of uniform ridge width and width row planting mode, the deep plowing and returning of corn stalks could significantly reduce the soil bulk density of topsoil (0-20 cm), increase the corresponding soil water content, increase the content of soil organic matter and available nitrogen, content. The cultivation of subsoil (21-40 cm) soil was more prominent. Compared with no straw returning, the bulk density of subsoil soil decreased by 6.8% and 10.2%, respectively. The content of soil organic matter Increased by 20.1% and 14.2% respectively, available nitrogen increased by 12.2% and 12.3%, and available potassium increased by 20.0% and 22.0% respectively. Straw mulch returning to field significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter and available nitrogen, but had no obvious effect on the characteristics of soil fertility in the subsoil. Under the two cropping patterns, the yield of maize in different ways of straw returning showed the deep straw turning> no straw returning> straw mulching. In the black soil area of northeast China, deep straw turning over of corn stalks can effectively increase soil fertility and achieve stable yield and increase yield of corn.