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摘要:目的:比较采用闭合复位肩外展固定支架,闭合穿针固定,切开复位锁定钢板内固定三种方式治疗中老年肱骨近端骨折的疗效。方法:2006年1月至2013年6月收治60例中老年肱骨近端骨折患者的临床资料,分别采用闭合复位肩外展固定支架固定15例,闭合穿针固定21例,切开复位锁定钢板内固定24例,比较三组患者的骨折愈合时间、并发症及功能优良率等。结果:3组骨折平均愈合时间分别为12周、10周、8周。3组患者发生并发症分别为8例、5例、3例,同一分型内三组优良率比较,差异具有统计学意义。结论:锁定钢板治疗中老年肱骨近端骨折固定可靠、并发症少,骨折愈合良好,功能优良率高,便于早期功能锻炼,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。
关键词:肱骨近端骨折;中老年;骨折固定术;锁定钢板
(Department of Orthopaedics,Xuecheng People's Hospital,Zaozhuang 277000,P.R.China)
Abstract:Objective To study comparatively the effectiveness of three therapies of the proximal humeral fracture of the middle and old age.Three methods are closed reduction and plaster fixation,close pinning fixation,open reduction and locking compression plates.Methods From January 2006 to January 2011,the clinical data of 60 cases of proximal humeral fracture of the middle and old age were collected.Among 60 cases,15 cases adopted closed reduction and plaster fixation,21 cases adopted close pinning fixation and 24 cases adopted open reduction and internal fixation with steel plate.Compare fracture healing time,complications and the good rates of functions of three groups of patients.Results The average fracture healing time for three groups are respectively 12 weeks,10 weeks and 8 weeks.The differences have statistical significance.There are respectively 8 cases,5 cases and 3 cases of complications in three groups while the good rates are respectively 53.33%,76.19% and 91.66%.The differences have statistical significance.Conclusions Treatment of proximal humeral fracture of the middle and old age with locking compression plates is firm and reliable and has few complications.Its good rate of functions is high.This method is convenient for early-stage function exercise,and it is a kind of safe and efficient treatment method.
Key words:Proximal humeral fracture;The middle and old age;Fracture fixation;Locking compression plates
中老年肱骨近端骨折是骨科临床常见创伤,占全身骨折的4%-5%[1],且有逐年上升趋势,近年来,治疗中老年肱骨近端骨折的外科手术方法越来越多,但各种方法特点不一,缺乏统一要求和标准,合适的方法较难选择,笔者自2006年1月至2011年1月分别采用闭合复位肩外展支架外固定、闭合穿针固定,切开复位锁定钢板内固定,治疗中老年肱骨近端骨折60例,现报告如下。
1 临床资料
1.1 一般资料
本组60例:男25例,女35例;年龄46-85岁,平均63.2岁。右侧45例,左侧15例,所有骨折均为新鲜闭合性骨折。按Neer分类[2]:Ⅱ型28例,Ⅲ型31例,Ⅳ型13例(见表1)。致伤原因:坠落伤15例,行走跌伤21例,交通车祸伤13例,重物压砸伤11例。采用闭合复位肩外展支架外固定15例,闭合穿针固定21例,切开复位锁定钢板内固定24例。本组31例合并有内科疾患,包括糖尿病,脑血管意外后遗症,高血压心脏病,慢支肺气肿等。伴发骨质疏松者37例。受伤至手术时间2h—7d,平均2.5d。
1.2 治疗方法
(1)闭合复位肩外展支架外固定组:臂丛麻醉或局部麻醉成功后,C臂X线检查了解骨折移位、成角、重叠及旋转等畸形情况,依其受伤机制,按外展型、内收型采用相应的闭合手法复位。(1)外展型骨折:患者坐位,助手沿外展方向牵引,肩部施以反牵引。术者两拇指抓紧骨折近端外侧,其余4指环抱骨折远端内侧,重叠完全矫正后即采取牵拉、端挤手法,助手将患肢肘关节内收,如果有向前成角畸形,可用前屈上举过顶法矫正。(2)闭合穿针组:麻醉后,平卧术台,C臂X线下透视角度手法牵引复位,达到基本复位后,在不同部位及不同角度选择进针点,向肱骨头中心点进针,至肱骨头下0.5-1cm处,位置满意后,在其旁边再穿入2枚克氏针,一般采用直径2.5-3mm的尖端带螺纹的克氏针,穿针后应与患者不同方位,不同角度透视骨折复位情况,满意后克氏针折弯并用清洁的软胶塞套封,防止针尾戳伤和克氏针内移外滑,包扎,术后屈肘90°,颈挽三角巾带悬吊固定。如图1所示(3)切开复位锁定钢板组:臂丛麻醉,肩关节前内侧入路,显露肱骨头及肱骨近端骨折块,尽量保护关节囊、肩袖的血运,首先在C臂X线监视下牵引复位,先纠正肱骨干与头的移位,合并肩关节脱位者先行复位,再复位大结节及骨折块,位置满意后可用克氏针临时固定骨折块,肱骨近端锁定钢板置于肱骨近端前外侧,大结节顶点下方5mm,用导向器向肱骨头打入锁定螺钉,骨干部分可借助接骨板复位并酌情置入锁定或皮质骨螺钉固定。(如图2所示)
关键词:肱骨近端骨折;中老年;骨折固定术;锁定钢板
(Department of Orthopaedics,Xuecheng People's Hospital,Zaozhuang 277000,P.R.China)
Abstract:Objective To study comparatively the effectiveness of three therapies of the proximal humeral fracture of the middle and old age.Three methods are closed reduction and plaster fixation,close pinning fixation,open reduction and locking compression plates.Methods From January 2006 to January 2011,the clinical data of 60 cases of proximal humeral fracture of the middle and old age were collected.Among 60 cases,15 cases adopted closed reduction and plaster fixation,21 cases adopted close pinning fixation and 24 cases adopted open reduction and internal fixation with steel plate.Compare fracture healing time,complications and the good rates of functions of three groups of patients.Results The average fracture healing time for three groups are respectively 12 weeks,10 weeks and 8 weeks.The differences have statistical significance.There are respectively 8 cases,5 cases and 3 cases of complications in three groups while the good rates are respectively 53.33%,76.19% and 91.66%.The differences have statistical significance.Conclusions Treatment of proximal humeral fracture of the middle and old age with locking compression plates is firm and reliable and has few complications.Its good rate of functions is high.This method is convenient for early-stage function exercise,and it is a kind of safe and efficient treatment method.
Key words:Proximal humeral fracture;The middle and old age;Fracture fixation;Locking compression plates
中老年肱骨近端骨折是骨科临床常见创伤,占全身骨折的4%-5%[1],且有逐年上升趋势,近年来,治疗中老年肱骨近端骨折的外科手术方法越来越多,但各种方法特点不一,缺乏统一要求和标准,合适的方法较难选择,笔者自2006年1月至2011年1月分别采用闭合复位肩外展支架外固定、闭合穿针固定,切开复位锁定钢板内固定,治疗中老年肱骨近端骨折60例,现报告如下。
1 临床资料
1.1 一般资料
本组60例:男25例,女35例;年龄46-85岁,平均63.2岁。右侧45例,左侧15例,所有骨折均为新鲜闭合性骨折。按Neer分类[2]:Ⅱ型28例,Ⅲ型31例,Ⅳ型13例(见表1)。致伤原因:坠落伤15例,行走跌伤21例,交通车祸伤13例,重物压砸伤11例。采用闭合复位肩外展支架外固定15例,闭合穿针固定21例,切开复位锁定钢板内固定24例。本组31例合并有内科疾患,包括糖尿病,脑血管意外后遗症,高血压心脏病,慢支肺气肿等。伴发骨质疏松者37例。受伤至手术时间2h—7d,平均2.5d。
1.2 治疗方法
(1)闭合复位肩外展支架外固定组:臂丛麻醉或局部麻醉成功后,C臂X线检查了解骨折移位、成角、重叠及旋转等畸形情况,依其受伤机制,按外展型、内收型采用相应的闭合手法复位。(1)外展型骨折:患者坐位,助手沿外展方向牵引,肩部施以反牵引。术者两拇指抓紧骨折近端外侧,其余4指环抱骨折远端内侧,重叠完全矫正后即采取牵拉、端挤手法,助手将患肢肘关节内收,如果有向前成角畸形,可用前屈上举过顶法矫正。(2)闭合穿针组:麻醉后,平卧术台,C臂X线下透视角度手法牵引复位,达到基本复位后,在不同部位及不同角度选择进针点,向肱骨头中心点进针,至肱骨头下0.5-1cm处,位置满意后,在其旁边再穿入2枚克氏针,一般采用直径2.5-3mm的尖端带螺纹的克氏针,穿针后应与患者不同方位,不同角度透视骨折复位情况,满意后克氏针折弯并用清洁的软胶塞套封,防止针尾戳伤和克氏针内移外滑,包扎,术后屈肘90°,颈挽三角巾带悬吊固定。如图1所示(3)切开复位锁定钢板组:臂丛麻醉,肩关节前内侧入路,显露肱骨头及肱骨近端骨折块,尽量保护关节囊、肩袖的血运,首先在C臂X线监视下牵引复位,先纠正肱骨干与头的移位,合并肩关节脱位者先行复位,再复位大结节及骨折块,位置满意后可用克氏针临时固定骨折块,肱骨近端锁定钢板置于肱骨近端前外侧,大结节顶点下方5mm,用导向器向肱骨头打入锁定螺钉,骨干部分可借助接骨板复位并酌情置入锁定或皮质骨螺钉固定。(如图2所示)