违约责任与侵权责任的竞合

• 作 者: 李猛
• 出 处: 法制与社会
• 发表日期: 2011年24期
• 关键词: 责任竞合 违约责任 侵权责任

违约责任从根本上区别于侵权责任,前者建构在合同法之上,后者立足于侵权责任法之上。违约的产生基于当事人之间存在合同关系,违反约定义务,侵犯相对人的相对权,即债券;而侵权则基于当事人之间的一种事实关系,违反法定义务,侵犯相对人的绝对权,即物权或人身权。两者的竞合在所难免,但是不能保证请求权人在总是能够做出最有利于自己的最优责任形式,在这种两难的情况下,应该灵活允许请求权人选择其他责任形式。质言之,有效利用其他责任形式补充依赖原请求所无法获得的利益内容是有效解决违约责任与侵权责任竞合的合理路径。

The liability for breach of contract is fundamentally different from tort liability, the former is based on the contract law, which is based on tort liability law. Breach of contract is based on the existence of contractual relationship between the parties, breach of contractual obligations, and infringe upon the relative rights of the relatives, that is, bonds. Infringement is based on a factual relationship between the parties and violates the statutory obligation to infringe on the absolute rights of the relatives, Property or personal rights. The co-operation between the two is unavoidable, but there is no guarantee that the claimant will always be able to make the best form of responsibility that best suits itself. In such a dilemma, the claimant should be given the flexibility to allow the claimant to choose alternative forms of responsibility. In other words, the effective use of other forms of liability to supplement the content of interests that can not be obtained by relying on the original request is a reasonable path for effectively resolving the liability of breach of contract and tort liability.