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现代战争中,战术防御武器应具有哪些特点才能提高武器的有效性呢?这个问题不能笼统地回答,需要根据各种客观条件做出相应的结论。这是因为武器的有效性是和战争的形式、来袭目标的特点和地理环境等因素有关。战争的形式是变化的,在冷战的情况下,来袭目标往往是单批次,侦察性的、挑衅性的活动,例如 60年代,以美国 U-2、SR-71为代表的高空侦察机在20公里或更高一点的上空飞行,对一些国家和地区进行侦察挑衅活动,当时一般地面防空炮火因射程不够而失去防御能力。因此为对付这种目标,防御武器的拦截高度和斜距以及杀伤空域的大小是有效防御的关键因素。随着技术的发展,高空拦截的武器出现,高空不再是安全的区域,进攻的武器和战术运用随之也发生变化,这可以从实际的局部战争中清楚地看到,特别是中东战争和马岛战争,充份地体现现代战争的特点,概括地说是空袭和反空袭,装甲和反装甲的对抗。对于现代战争的战术特点和防御武器的发展趋势,下边谈一点粗浅的看法。
In modern warfare, what are the characteristics of tactical defense weapons in order to improve the effectiveness of weapons? This question can not be answered in general, and we need to make corresponding conclusions based on various objective conditions. This is because the effectiveness of the weapon is related to the form of the war, the characteristics of the attacking target and the geographical environment. The form of the war is changing. In the case of the Cold War, the targets of strikes are often single batches of reconnaissance and provocative activities. For example, in the 1960s, high-altitude reconnaissance planes represented by the U.S. U-2 and SR-71 Flying over 20 kilometers or more to carry out reconnaissance and provocation activities in a number of countries and territories. At that time, general ground-based anti-aircraft artillery was losing its defensive capability due to insufficient range. Therefore, in order to deal with such a goal, the defense of weapons’ interception height and slant range as well as the size of airspace killings are the key factors for effective defense. With the development of technology, the emergence of weapons at high altitudes and the absence of high-altitude areas are no longer safe areas. As a result, offensive weapons and tactical changes have also changed, which can be clearly seen in actual localized wars, especially in the Middle East war and Falklands war, fully embodies the characteristics of modern war, in general terms, air strikes and anti-air strikes, armor and anti-armor confrontation. Talking about the tactical characteristics of modern warfare and the development trend of defensive weapons, let’s talk a little superficial opinions.