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自１９９３年４月以来，我们共收治５例小儿烧伤后由于在基层医院输入过多无钠或低钠溶液及口服过多的开水，而引起“水中毒”合并肺、脑水肿的病人，并对“水中毒”的诊治情况进行了探讨：①烧伤早期体内醛固酮和ＡＶＰ的分泌增加，使肾脏保留水份，另外在急性肾功能不全、心功能不全和休克时过多地补充水份，都可造成体内水份过多，甚至水中毒，其结果是细胞内、外间隙均扩大．细胞内构成水肿，细胞外形成稀释性低钠血症．最终并发肺、脑水肿．②治疗上应充分注意复苏补液所用液体的质和量．密切注意出入量和体重变化．定时测血压、血清钠和血、尿晶体渗透压，以便及早发现及时处理。③对烧伤病人进行系统补液过程中，胶、晶体及水份必需合理配搭输入，预防一过性液体超负荷．④加强对全社会普及和宣传“家庭常见疾病急救”知识，提高基层医务人员对烧伤病人补液及处理的思想认识和工作责任心．
Since April 1993, we treated a total of 5 cases of pediatric patients with lung and brain edema who had “water poisoning” due to excessive sodium or sodium-free solution and orally administered boiled water in primary hospitals. The diagnosis and treatment of “water poisoning” were discussed: ① early burns increased secretion of aldosterone and AVP, so that the kidneys retain water, the other in acute renal insufficiency, heart failure and excessive water replenishment, both Can cause excessive body water, or even water poisoning, the result is intracellular and extracellular gap are expanded. Intracellular edema, extracellular formation of dilutional hyponatremia. Eventually complicated with lung and brain edema. ② treatment should pay full attention to the quality and quantity of liquid used for recovery fluid. Pay close attention to changes in intake and weight. Timing blood pressure, serum sodium and blood, urine crystal osmotic pressure, in order to detect early detection. ③ burn patients during the systemic rehydration process, plastic, crystal and water must be reasonable with the input to prevent transient liquid overload. ④ Strengthen the awareness of the general public and advocacy of “family first aid” and improve the basic medical staff’s idea of rehydration and treatment of burn patients and work responsibility.