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目的了解石家庄市农村集中式供水风险因素。方法按照《WHO饮水水质准则》(2004)中的“饮水安全计划”方法,对石家庄市10个县(市)245个集中式供水各环节风险进行评价。结果石家庄市农村集中式供水从水源到用户的各环节均存在风险因素,极高风险达63.43%,高风险占21.21%,中度风险占0.00%,低风险占12.12%,零风险占3.03%。水质感官性状、一般化学指标和毒理指标处于零风险或低风险水平。微生物指标虽然处于低风险水平,但是末梢水总大肠菌群超标率为24.21%,基本接近中度风险。结论石家庄市农村集中式供水风险因素涉及到水源、供水设施、管理措施及用户,表明在农村集中式供水管理中应注意这些影响水质的因素。
Objective To understand the risk factors of rural centralized water supply in Shijiazhuang. Methods According to “Drinking Water Safety Plan” in “WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality” (2004), the risks of 245 centralized water supply in 10 counties (cities) in Shijiazhuang were evaluated. Results There were risk factors in Shijiazhuang rural centralized water supply from water source to users. The highest risk was 63.43%, high risk 21.21%, moderate risk 0.00%, low risk 12.12% and zero risk 3.03% . Water quality sensory traits, general chemical and toxicological indicators are at zero or low risk levels. Although microbial indicators at low risk levels, but the distal water total coliform bacteria exceeded the standard rate of 24.21%, close to moderate risk. Conclusion The risk factors of rural centralized water supply in Shijiazhuang involve water source, water supply facilities, management measures and users, which indicate that these factors affecting water quality should be paid attention to in rural centralized water supply management.