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口腔中定植着丰富的微生物群落，其在牙周炎发生发展过程中有重要作用。目前关于微生物群落如何介导疾病的发生发展尚不清晰。随着宏基因组研究的兴起，提出了一种新的牙周炎发病机制——微生物协同作用和生态失调（polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis，PSD）模型。微生物群落作为一个整体在牙周炎发生发展中的重要性已逐渐得到认可。宿主易感性作为发病原因之一在PSD模型中也具有重要作用。本文就PSD模型的作用机制及其在牙周炎和其他疾病中的研究进展进行综述，阐述该模型的研究进展对于牙周炎预防和治疗方面的积极意义，以期为牙周炎发病机制研究提供新的思路和参考。“,”Human oral cavity is colonized by various microbial communities which play an important role in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. However, it is still not clear how these microbial communities mediate the disease. With the rise of metagenomics research, polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis (PSD) model, a new periodontitis pathogenesis mechanism, was proposed. The importance of the microbial communities acting as a whole system in the development of periodontitis is gradually recognized. Host susceptibility, as another key factor in the initiation of the disease, is vital in PSD model. This article reviews the mechanisms of the PSD model and its research progress in periodontitis as well as some other diseases and briefly highlights the positive significance in terms of prevention and treatment of periodontitis in order to provide insights and perspectives for the future periodontal researches.