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目的:探讨成人腰部椎后肌群体质成分与年龄的关系及变化趋势。方法:对865例21~83岁的志愿者行腰椎CT检查，其中男性347例，年龄（44.0±12.6）岁，女性518例，年龄（45.3±13.6）岁，并以10岁的间隔划分年龄组。使用定量CT测量L3椎体中部层面椎后肌群的肌肉面积、脂肪面积及肌肉脂肪浸润程度（MFI）。使用方差分析进行组间线性趋势估计，使用独立样本n t检验比较同性别相邻年龄组间及同年龄组不同性别间椎后肌群体质成分的差异，使用相关分析研究椎后肌群体质成分与年龄、体质指数、身高及体重的关系，并使用单变量线性回归分析比较年龄对椎后肌群体质成分影响的性别差异。n 结果:男女椎后肌群的脂肪面积及MFI随年龄有增加趋势，肌肉面积随年龄有下降趋势（男性n F=54.603、71.524、37.458，女性n F=317.808、436.105、45.210，均n P<0.001）。年龄与男女椎后肌群脂肪面积呈正相关（n r=0.505、0.588，n P<0.001），与MFI呈正相关（n r=0.489、0.646，n P<0.001），与肌肉面积呈负相关（n r=-0.334、-0.367，n P<0.001）。年龄对椎后肌群脂肪面积、肌肉面积及MFI的影响存在性别差异（n t=-4.799、28.810、-11.027，均n P<0.001）。BMI与椎后肌群脂肪面积、肌肉面积、MFI均呈正相关（n r=0.414、0.420、0.184，均n P<0.001）。n 结论:成人椎后肌群在20~39岁达到发育高峰，之后随年龄的增长而出现肌肉萎缩及脂肪浸润；女性椎后肌群的退变速率较男性快，有更强的年龄依赖；年龄、BMI是影响椎后肌群体质成分的重要因素。“,”Objective:To investigate the age-related changes in the composition of lumbar posterior vertebral muscles in adults.Methods:A total of 865 adults (aged 21-83 years) who underwent computed tomography scans of the lumbar spine were divided into groups by age intervals of 10 years. The fat area, muscle area, and muscle fat infiltration (MFI) of the posterior vertebral muscles at the L3 level were measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Analysis of variance was used to estimate the linear trend between groups. An independent samples t-test was used to compare the composition of lumbar posterior vertebral muscles between groups. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationships between the muscles composition with age, BMI, height, and weight. Univariate linear regression analysis was used to compare gender differences in the effect of age on the composition of posterior vertebral muscles.Results:The fat area and MFI of posterior vertebral muscles of males and females increased with age, while the muscle area decreased with age (n F=54.603, 71.524, 37.458 for males and n F=317.808, 436.105, 45.210 for females, all n P<0.001). Age was positively correlated with posterior vertebral muscles′ fat area in males and females (n r=0.505, 0.588, both n P<0.001). Age was positively correlated with MFI (n r=0.489, 0.646, both n P<0.001) and negatively correlated with muscle area (n r=-0.334, -0.367, both n P<0.001). The influence of age on the fat area, muscle area, and MFI of posterior vertebral muscles differed by gender (n t=-4.799, 28.810, -11.027, all n P<0.001). The fat area, muscle area, and MFI of posterior vertebral muscles were positively correlated with BMI (n r=0.414, 0.420, 0.184, all n P<0.001).n Conclusion:Posterior vertebral muscles of adults reach the peak of development at the age of 20-39 years; subsequently, the muscle atrophy and fat infiltration occur with the increase in age. The degeneration rate of female posterior vertebral muscles is faster than that of males and have stronger age dependence. Age and BMI are major factors affecting the composition of posterior vertebral muscles.