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追寻世界的本原,探索存在最普通的本质根据,是本体论哲学亘古悠远的永恒主题。而在马克思主义哲学以前,不同时代的绝大多数哲学家又都用同一个范畴来表述自己关于本体的思考,这个范畴就是实体。实体构成了哲学史发展的基本链条,它把哲学史上所有以本体论为基础的哲学联贯成一个整体。如果我们在最本质的意义上把哲学看成是一种思维方式,那么实体恰恰构成了从古到今所有以实体为核心范畴的哲学体系之间最本质的内在联系。因此,用实体来指称这种思维方式应是顺理成章的。哲学最深刻的进步莫过于思维方式的变革,作为这种变革的产物,马克思主义哲学代表着一种崭新的思维方式。它与传统哲学的思维方式即“实体思维”究竟是什么关系?二者有哪些区别?换句话说,马克思主义所实现的哲学变革的真正意义是什么?这些就是本文想要探讨的问题。
It is the eternal theme of ancient philosophy of ontology to pursue the essence of the world and to explore the most common essential basis. Before Marxism philosophy, most philosophers of different ages used the same category to express their own thinking about ontology. This category is the entity. Entities constitute the basic chain of development of the history of philosophy, which integrates all ontology-based philosophy in the history of philosophy. If we regard philosophy as a way of thinking in the most essential sense, then the entity constitutes exactly the most essential internal connection between all the philosophical systems that take the entity as the core category from time immemorial to the present. Therefore, it should be logical to use the entity to refer to this way of thinking. The deepest philosophical progress is the change of the way of thinking. As a result of this change, Marxist philosophy represents a brand new way of thinking. What is the relationship between the two? What is the difference between the two? In other words, what is the true meaning of the philosophical change brought about by Marxism? These are the questions that this article wants to explore.