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一般而言,中国香港的社会福利发展从20世纪60年代末开始发轫,历经70、80年代的急速扩张,90年代的市场化及私营化改革,以致90年代后期至今数次金融风暴的冲击。学者普遍认为,中国香港的社会福利制度仍有不足,依然是补救性的剩余模式。政府常被批评为守财奴,缺乏对社会福利的财政承担,以致福利支出长期偏低,再分配效果有限,社会分层及不平等持续。然而,从福利融资的角度来看,政府一直扮演着重要角色,承担了社会福利颇大的开支。本文尝试描述中国香港自20世纪70年代以来的社会福利支出趋势,分析在不同时期的福利融资方式,并且用路径依赖理论分析这个模式的变与不变。
In general, the development of social welfare in Hong Kong, China began to stumble in the late 1960s. After the rapid expansion in the 1970s and 1980s, the marketization of the 1990s and the privatization reforms, several financial turmoil hitherto occurred in the late 1990s. Scholars generally agree that the social welfare system in Hong Kong, China is still deficient and remains a remedial surplus model. The government is often criticized as a miser and lacks financial commitment to social welfare, resulting in long-term low welfare spending, limited redistributive effects, and continued social stratification and inequality. However, from the point of view of welfare financing, the government has always played an important role in taking large social welfare expenses. This article attempts to describe the trend of social welfare expenditure in Hong Kong, China since the 1970s, analyze the ways of welfare financing in different periods, and analyze the change and change of this model with path dependence theory.