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毛主席指出:“人的正确思想是从那里来的?是从天上掉下来的吗?不是。是自已头脑里固有的吗?不是。人的正确思想,只能从社会实践中来,只能从社会的生产斗争、阶级斗争和科学实验这三项实践中来。”在这里,毛主席指出了唯心主义两个流派——客观唯心主义和主观唯心主义的基本特征,及其与辩证唯物主义的根本区别。在中国哲学史上朱熹的“理学”和王守仁的“心学”,就是上述这两种唯心主义反动思想体系的典型。本文从朱熹认识论的基本特征,来说明“从天上掉下来的”这样一种客观唯心主义认识论的实质,以便加深对毛主席这个马克思主义论断的理解。
Chairman Mao pointed out: “From where is the correct mind of man and from heaven? No. Is it inherent in his own mind? No. The correct thought of man can only come from social practice, From the three practices of social production struggle, class struggle and scientific experiment. ”Here, Chairman Mao pointed out the two basic schools of idealism, the basic characteristics of objective idealism and subjective idealism, and their relations with dialectical materialism The fundamental difference. In the history of Chinese philosophy, Zhu Xi’s “Neo-Confucianism” and Wang Shouren’s “psychology” are the typical examples of these two idealist reactionary ideological systems. This essay illustrates the essence of Epoch-based objective epistemology “falling from heaven” from the basic features of Zhu Xi’s epistemology in order to deepen the understanding of Chairman Mao’s Marxist assertion.