论文部分内容阅读
阅读理解是各类英语试题中占分最多的一种题型，对考生英语得分的高低起着举足轻重的作用，有人甚至提出“得阅读者得天下”，可见我们需要十分地重视阅读理解题型的训练与提高。要提高阅读理解能力，除了必须具备较大的词汇量和较广的知识面之外，还要在阅读速度和阅读方法上追求突破。
常见的阅读理解答题步骤有两种：P-Q-P和Q-P-Q。P-Q-P即学生们常用的先看文章(passage)后看试题(questions)，然后再逐一查找原文细节的解题方法，这种方法过于按部就班，解题速度偏慢。第二种方法Q-P-Q要求学生先看测试题，然后带着问题在原文中找答案，这种方法针对性强，省时，但不少学生由于基础较差，在未读原文的情况下不能清晰的理解测试题题干和题干后设计的各选项，因而对这种方法浅尝辄止，很快又回归到第一种解题方法。
正确而有效的解题方法是先带着“主旨大意题”浏览全文确定文章大意，然后带着“细节理解题”和“推理判断题”再读原文，锁定细节题的做题依据，针对难以解答的题目仔细梳理上下文，根据一定的解题技巧对所有题目作出解答。为了帮助大家记住正确的解题步骤，本文将阅读理解答题步骤趣味性地解读为“阅”、“读”、“理”、“解”几个步骤。
一、阅——把握大意
先借助“主旨大意题”(如果有的话)把握全文大意。常见的“中心大意题有：①What is the article mainly about? ②What would be the best title for the passage? ③What is the subject discussed in the text? ④This passage is mainly about_____. ⑤From the passage we know _______.等等。很多文章一开始就展示其主题思想，或者先出现一段“引子”，然后语气一转，以however/but等词引出文章的中心。考生应先速读文章的第一段和最后一段，找到可能的主题思想(在第二遍细读时仍需对照确认)。
二、读——细读全文
在初步了解文章大意的基础上阅读文章后的其他测试题，带着这些“细节理解题”和“推理判断题”细读原文，从文章中找出答题依据。
三、理——理清关系
对于第二遍细读后仍不能搞清的测试题尤其是“推理判断题”需要仔细推敲上下文，弄清作者的写作目的和情感态度，要站在作者的角度而不是考生本人的角度思考问题。
四、解——正确作答
通过前面三个步骤的阅读思考学生应该已经能够解答大多数测试题，但仍然会有个别试题考生难以作出最后的判断，有些试题考生可能作出了错误的判断。因此，考生要掌握一些基本的阅读理解做题技巧。
1．在做“主旨大意题”的时候，如果开头没有表达文章的中心，可尝试找出每段的主题句，把注意力放在每一段的第一句或最后一句上，或者在阅读中基本了解每段的中心，然后进行总结概括。
2．在做“细节理解题”的时候，要注意原文细节与正确选项之间往往会进行同义替换，出题者一般不会用与原文完全相同表达法作为正确的选项。
3．学会做“生词猜测题”。要根据生词前后的相关信息进行推理，常见的猜测生词的方法有“词语定义法”、“同义关系法”、“上下文分析法等等。
下面举2008年高考英语试题全国卷1的C篇作一简要说明。
It is often necessary to release a fish, that is, set it free after catching, because it is too small, or you just don’t want to take it home to eat. In some cases, releasing fish is a good measure that will help keep fish variety and build their population size. The Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (DGIF) encourages fishermen who practice catch-and-release fishing to use a few simple skills when doing so. The advice provided below will help make sure that the fish you release will survive (存活) to bite again another day.
－When catching a fish, play it quickly and keep the fish in the water as much as possible.
Don’t use a net in landing the fish and release it quickly to prevent it from dying.
－Hold the fish gently. Do not put your fingers in its eyes. Don’t wipe the scales (鱼鳞) off the
fish because it might cause it to develop a disease and reduce its chance of survival
－Remove your hook (鱼钩) quickly. If the hook is too deep or hooked in the stomach, cut the line
and leave the hook or the hook left inside will cause no serious problem to the fish.
－Take good care of the fish a moving it gently in water. Release the fish when it begins to struggle and is able to swim.
－Do not hold fish in a bucket or some other containers and later decide to release it. If you are going to release a fish, do so right away.
With a little care and by following the suggestions given above, you can give the released fish a better chance of survival.
64. People sometimes set a fish free after catching it because they_________.
A. don’t want it to die B. hope it will grow quickly
常见的阅读理解答题步骤有两种：P-Q-P和Q-P-Q。P-Q-P即学生们常用的先看文章(passage)后看试题(questions)，然后再逐一查找原文细节的解题方法，这种方法过于按部就班，解题速度偏慢。第二种方法Q-P-Q要求学生先看测试题，然后带着问题在原文中找答案，这种方法针对性强，省时，但不少学生由于基础较差，在未读原文的情况下不能清晰的理解测试题题干和题干后设计的各选项，因而对这种方法浅尝辄止，很快又回归到第一种解题方法。
正确而有效的解题方法是先带着“主旨大意题”浏览全文确定文章大意，然后带着“细节理解题”和“推理判断题”再读原文，锁定细节题的做题依据，针对难以解答的题目仔细梳理上下文，根据一定的解题技巧对所有题目作出解答。为了帮助大家记住正确的解题步骤，本文将阅读理解答题步骤趣味性地解读为“阅”、“读”、“理”、“解”几个步骤。
一、阅——把握大意
先借助“主旨大意题”(如果有的话)把握全文大意。常见的“中心大意题有：①What is the article mainly about? ②What would be the best title for the passage? ③What is the subject discussed in the text? ④This passage is mainly about_____. ⑤From the passage we know _______.等等。很多文章一开始就展示其主题思想，或者先出现一段“引子”，然后语气一转，以however/but等词引出文章的中心。考生应先速读文章的第一段和最后一段，找到可能的主题思想(在第二遍细读时仍需对照确认)。
二、读——细读全文
在初步了解文章大意的基础上阅读文章后的其他测试题，带着这些“细节理解题”和“推理判断题”细读原文，从文章中找出答题依据。
三、理——理清关系
对于第二遍细读后仍不能搞清的测试题尤其是“推理判断题”需要仔细推敲上下文，弄清作者的写作目的和情感态度，要站在作者的角度而不是考生本人的角度思考问题。
四、解——正确作答
通过前面三个步骤的阅读思考学生应该已经能够解答大多数测试题，但仍然会有个别试题考生难以作出最后的判断，有些试题考生可能作出了错误的判断。因此，考生要掌握一些基本的阅读理解做题技巧。
1．在做“主旨大意题”的时候，如果开头没有表达文章的中心，可尝试找出每段的主题句，把注意力放在每一段的第一句或最后一句上，或者在阅读中基本了解每段的中心，然后进行总结概括。
2．在做“细节理解题”的时候，要注意原文细节与正确选项之间往往会进行同义替换，出题者一般不会用与原文完全相同表达法作为正确的选项。
3．学会做“生词猜测题”。要根据生词前后的相关信息进行推理，常见的猜测生词的方法有“词语定义法”、“同义关系法”、“上下文分析法等等。
下面举2008年高考英语试题全国卷1的C篇作一简要说明。
It is often necessary to release a fish, that is, set it free after catching, because it is too small, or you just don’t want to take it home to eat. In some cases, releasing fish is a good measure that will help keep fish variety and build their population size. The Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (DGIF) encourages fishermen who practice catch-and-release fishing to use a few simple skills when doing so. The advice provided below will help make sure that the fish you release will survive (存活) to bite again another day.
－When catching a fish, play it quickly and keep the fish in the water as much as possible.
Don’t use a net in landing the fish and release it quickly to prevent it from dying.
－Hold the fish gently. Do not put your fingers in its eyes. Don’t wipe the scales (鱼鳞) off the
fish because it might cause it to develop a disease and reduce its chance of survival
－Remove your hook (鱼钩) quickly. If the hook is too deep or hooked in the stomach, cut the line
and leave the hook or the hook left inside will cause no serious problem to the fish.
－Take good care of the fish a moving it gently in water. Release the fish when it begins to struggle and is able to swim.
－Do not hold fish in a bucket or some other containers and later decide to release it. If you are going to release a fish, do so right away.
With a little care and by following the suggestions given above, you can give the released fish a better chance of survival.
64. People sometimes set a fish free after catching it because they_________.
A. don’t want it to die B. hope it will grow quickly