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汉语的“开”与日语的「あける」、「ひらく」基本义大致相同,但是它们的扩展义却大不相同。本文首先分析“开”的动作过程,归纳出其语义特征,然后用这些语义特征分析了这些动词,认为这种差异来自两种语言使用者的认知差异。另外,在基本义所涉及的整个动作过程中,日语「あける」和「ひらく」的分工,总体上可以说「あける」侧重动作的前半段,「ひらく」侧重动作的后半段。另外,「あける」偏向具体的动作,「ひらく」偏向抽象的行为;「あける」可以表示受事的完全分离,「ひらく」只能表示受事的部分分离。
The “open” of Chinese is similar to the basic meanings of “あける” and “ひらく” in Japanese, but their expansion is quite different. This article first analyzes the “open” action process, sums up its semantic features, and then uses these semantic features to analyze these verbs. It is believed that this difference comes from cognitive differences between two language users. In addition, during the entire movement involved in the basic meaning, the division of Japanese “あける” and “ひらく” can generally be said that “あける” focuses on the first half of the action, and “ひらく” focuses on the second half of the action. In addition, “あける” favors specific actions, “ひらく” tends to abstract behavior; “あける” can mean complete separation of subjects, and “ひらく” can only mean partial separation of subjects.