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通常来说,药材品种不同,气味各异,有些药材的特殊气味,可供作鉴别真伪和品质优劣的依据。药材具有的气味,酸、甜、苦、辣等用于鉴别药材、判断品质优劣,古代本草有过不少记载。《新修本草》指出徐长卿“根如细辛,微粗长,而有臊气”。可见“臊气”是鉴别的一个重要特征。黄连项下有:“蜀道者粗大节平,味极浓苦,疗渴为最”的记载,说明黄连苦味之重要。《本草求真》指出薄荷“苏产气芳者良”,认为薄荷气芳香而质量好。现今药材性状鉴别中也十分注重辨别气味,新版《药典》还将特殊的气味作为品质标准,如麝香的品质要求为:“以饱满、皮薄有弹性,香气浓烈者为佳”。
In general, different varieties of herbs, different odors, some of the special smell of herbs, can be used as a basis for authenticity and quality of the distinction. The odor of medicinal materials, such as acid, sweet, bitter, and spicy, is used to identify medicinal materials and determine the quality of the products. There have been many records in ancient herbal medicine. “Newly Revised Materia Medica” pointed out that Xu Changqing is “as root and assailant, slightly thick and long, and guilty.” It can be seen that “hernia” is an important feature of identification. Huang Lianxiang has the following records: “The martyrmen are thick, flat, extremely thirsty, and thirsty.” This shows that the bitter taste of Coptis is important. “Ben Cao Qiu Zhen” pointed out that Mint “the Soviet Union produces aromas,” and believes that Mint is aromatic and of good quality. In today’s identification of medicinal herbs, we also pay great attention to distinguishing odors. The new edition of the Pharmacopoeia also regards special odors as quality standards. For example, the requirements for the quality of musk scent are: “It is better to have plump, thin, elastic, and strong aroma.”