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叠氮化物(Azide)目前被认为是应用于诱变育种的高效化诱剂。它对于人畜无致癌副作用。其钠盐(NaN_3)或钾盐(KN_3)是一般实验室常备试剂,价格亦不昂贵,因此人们乐意选用。NaN_3和 KN_3在农业方面有多种用途,可用作除莠剂,亦可用来防治线虫病和某些真菌病。而作为诱变剂使用是从 Nilan 等(1964,1965)研究大麦开始的。近二十年来,叠氮化物应用于水稻、小麦、玉米、豌豆,蚕豆、花生等作物,亦取得了明显的诱变效果。近年来国内也有一些单位用 NaN_3进行诱变处理。如毛炎麟等(1981)利用10~(-3)M 的 NaN_3处理大麦矮秆齐,叶绿素映失突变频率达48%陆兆新等(1986)研究了不同时间预浸种子对NaN_3诱发水稻抽穗期、株高突变的效果。本文着重介绍叠氮化物诱变处理的方法、效果与应用前景。
Azide is currently considered as an efficient attractant for mutation breeding. It has no carcinogenic side effects on humans and animals. Its sodium salt (NaN_3) or potassium salt (KN_3) is a routine laboratory reagent, the price is not expensive, so people are willing to use. NaN_3 and KN_3 have many uses in agriculture, they can be used as herbicides, and they can also be used to control nematode diseases and certain fungal diseases. The use as a mutagen started with the study of barley by Nilan et al. (1964, 1965). In the last two decades, azide has been applied to crops such as rice, wheat, corn, pea, broad bean and peanut, and obvious mutagenic effects have also been obtained. In recent years, some domestic units also use NaN_3 mutagenesis. Such as Mao Yanlin (1981) 10 ~ (-3) M of NaN_3 treatment of barley stalk Qi, chlorophyll mapping loss of mutation frequency of 48% Lu Zhaoxin et al (1986) studied the different time pre-impregnated seeds NaN_3-induced rice heading stage, High mutation effect. This article focuses on azide mutagenesis treatment methods, effects and application prospects.