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目的调查中老年妇女绝经的相关特征。方法对300名在妇产科就诊的40~60岁中老年妇女,采用统一问卷进行面对面调查。调查其绝经过渡期、出现绝经症状和自然绝经的年龄以及对激素补充治疗的认知程度。结果进入绝经过渡期、出现绝经症状和自然绝经的年龄分别为(45.5±4.2)、(47.6±4.5)和(49.9±3.7)岁。常见症状是乏力、易激动、失眠、骨关节和肌肉痛及潮热。在不同阶段,绝经相关症状均以轻中度症状最为常见,但绝经过程中各阶段的患者其不同程度绝经相关症状所占百分比比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中老年妇女在绝经过渡期大部分有绝经相关症状,但以轻、中度为主;多数患者症状发生与月经变化有关。
Objective To investigate the related features of menopause in middle-aged and elderly women. Methods 300 middle-aged and elderly women aged 40-60 in obstetrics and gynecology were interviewed by face-to-face questionnaire using a unified questionnaire. To investigate the menopausal transition, the age at which menopausal symptoms and natural menopause occur, and the level of cognition for hormone replacement therapy. Results The menopausal symptoms and natural menopause were (45.5 ± 4.2), (47.6 ± 4.5) and (49.9 ± 3.7) years, respectively. Common symptoms are fatigue, irritability, insomnia, bone and joint and muscle pain and hot flashes. In different stages, the most common symptoms of menopause are mild to moderate symptoms, but the percentage of menopausal symptoms in different stages of menopause is significantly different (P <0.05). Conclusion The majority of middle-aged and elderly women have menopausal symptoms associated with menopause, but they are mild and moderate; the majority of patients have symptoms related to menstrual changes.