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利用叶绿体DNA非编码区序列acc D-psa I和17对SSR引物对原产于福建省的49个梨地方品种的遗传多样性进行分析,旨在为育种利用提供参考。获得49份福建地方品种的acc D-psa I序列,并检测到4个多态性位点,包含5个叶绿体单倍型(Hap1~Hap5),其中核苷酸多态性(Pi)为0.00139,单倍型多样性(Hd)为0.660。TCS网络图显示Hap5是最古老的单倍型,其仅在两个样品中检测到。17个SSR位点共检测到211个等位基因位点,有效等位基因数(A)为5~23个,平均值为12.41;观察杂合度(Ho)和期望杂合度(He)的平均值分别为0.5802和0.7549;17个SSR位点的Shannon’s信息指数(I)值为0.5830~2.7683,平均值为1.8661,表现出较高的遗传多样性。基于Nei和Li的遗传距离的邻接法(Neighbor-Joining,NJ)将49份样品聚为9个组,其中大部分聚类结果与单倍型类型表现的亲缘关系较为一致。叶绿体单倍型和SSR多态性位点信息证实福建地方品种具有较为丰富的遗传多样性。
The genetic diversity of 49 pear cultivars native to Fujian Province was analyzed by using the non-coding sequence of chloroplast DNA, acc D-psa I and 17, in order to provide references for the breeding use. The 49 sequences of acc D-psa I from Fujian local cultivars were obtained and 4 polymorphic loci were detected, including 5 chloroplast haplotypes (Hap1 ~ Hap5), in which the nucleotide polymorphism (Pi) was 0.00139 , Haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.660. The TCS network map shows that Hap5 is the oldest haplotype detected in only two samples. A total of 211 alleles were detected in 17 SSR loci. The number of effective alleles (A) ranged from 5 to 23, with an average of 12.41. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity The values of Shannon’s information index (I) of 17 SSR loci were 0.5830 ~ 2.7683 and the average was 1.8661, indicating high genetic diversity. Based on Nei and Li’s Neighbor-Joining (NJ), 49 samples were clustered into 9 groups, of which most of the clustering results were consistent with haplotype type. Chloroplast haplotypes and SSR polymorphism loci information confirmed that Fujian landraces have rich genetic diversity.