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维持性血液透析(MHD)患者死亡率高,心血管疾病死因约占50%,其中心源性猝死又占心血管死因的50%左右。超声心动图可有助于早期发现心脏结构、功能异常,以利于早期干预、改善预后,但其成像质量受操作者技术、经验和患者自身声窗条件影响很大,导致常规二维超声心动图参数的准确性和重复性差;MHD患者的血流动力学和容量状态受透析的影响,从而影响心脏超声检查准确性。新的超声成像技术,如三维超声、组织多普勒和斑点追踪技术等,能够提供更多检查参数和更准确的诊断信息,可帮助临床进一步了解MHD患者心脏结构、功能的病理生理变化。
Patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) have a high mortality rate, accounting for about 50% of all cardiovascular deaths, and sudden cardiac death, which accounts for about 50% of all cardiovascular deaths. Echocardiography can help early detection of cardiac structure, dysfunction, in order to facilitate early intervention and improve prognosis, but its imaging quality is greatly affected by the operator’s technology, experience and patient’s own acoustic window conditions, leading to conventional two-dimensional echocardiography The accuracy and repeatability of the parameters are poor; the hemodynamics and volume status of MHD patients are affected by dialysis, thus affecting the accuracy of cardiac ultrasonography. New ultrasound imaging technologies such as three-dimensional echocardiography, tissue Doppler and speckle tracking provide more examination parameters and more accurate diagnostic information to help further understand the pathophysiological changes of heart structure and function in patients with MHD.