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本文提出了一个活塞结构优化设计的数学模型,阐述了对活塞结构进行最优化设计的方法及程序设计问题。在活塞结构优化设计方法中,采用有限元法对活塞进行结构分析和温度场计算。最优化的目标函数取为活塞重量和疲劳敏感系数的加权平均值,设计变量为反映活塞结构形状的几何参数,并把对活塞的变形、温度、疲劳安全系数和重量等的必要限定作为约束条件。另外,对内腔形状的描述采用分段二次函数。活塞优化问题的求解采用复合形法。这种方法,可在电子计算机上进行活塞结构的自动设计,从而获得一个满足各种复杂设计要求的最佳活塞结构方案。文中还以95型柴油机活塞为例,按所提出的方法,对其进行了最优化设计,并分析了计算结果,以说明这种方法的应用性。
In this paper, a mathematical model of piston structure optimization design is presented, and the method and program design of the piston structure optimization design are expounded. In the optimization design of piston structure, the finite element method is adopted to analyze the structure and calculate the temperature field of the piston. The objective function of optimization is taken as the weighted average of the piston weight and the fatigue sensitivity coefficient. The design variables are geometric parameters that reflect the shape of the piston. The constraints on the deformation, temperature, fatigue safety coefficient and weight of the piston are taken as constraints . In addition, the shape of the lumen is described by a piecewise quadratic function. Piston optimization problem solving complex method. In this way, the automatic design of the piston structure can be performed on the electronic computer to obtain the best piston structure solution to meet various complicated design requirements. In this paper, 95 piston of diesel engine is also taken as an example. According to the proposed method, the optimal design is carried out and the calculation results are analyzed to illustrate the applicability of this method.