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目的了解怀柔区近5年出生缺陷发生情况及变化趋势,为提高出生人口素质,降低出生缺陷发生率提供科学依据。方法对2009年至2013年在怀柔区助产机构分娩的围产儿及小于28周无论孕周大小诊断的出生缺陷儿进行监测。对近五年总体发生情况、顺位、产前诊断等情况进行回顾性分析。结果 (1)五年间围产儿出生缺陷发生率逐年升高,升高的主要原因为先天性心脏病的发生率升高,而先天性心脏病升高的主要原因为监测水平和诊断水平的提高。(2)流动人口出生缺陷发生率由2009年的20.26‰升高到2013年的91.93‰,户籍人口的出生缺陷发生率也由2009年的22.97‰上升到2013年的42.06‰,且除2009年外,2010年至2013年流动人口出生缺陷发生率明显高于户籍人口。(3)近五年出生缺陷顺位变化不大,排在前五位依然为先天性心脏病、副耳畸形、肢体畸形、尿道下裂及血管瘤等。(4)怀柔区近5年神经管畸形发生率逐年降低。由2010年的1.95‰下降到2013年的0.58‰。但是和北京市相比,怀柔区神经管畸形发生率还较高。结论加强出生缺陷的三级预防措施,进一步做好免费发放叶酸工作,提高我区叶酸发放率和依从率,不断降低神经管畸形的发生率;高度关注流动人口的出生缺陷发生状况。
Objective To understand the occurrence and trend of birth defects in recent 5 years in Huairou district and provide a scientific basis for improving the quality of birth population and reducing the incidence of birth defects. Methods Perinatal infants born at the midwifery in Huairou District and birth defects less than 28 weeks of gestational age were monitored from 2009 to 2013. The overall incidence of the past five years, cis, prenatal diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results (1) The incidence of perinatal birth defects increased year by year in five years, the main reason for the increase was the increased incidence of congenital heart disease, while the main reason for the increased congenital heart disease was monitoring and diagnosis . (2) The incidence of birth defects in floating population increased from 20.26 ‰ in 2009 to 91.93 ‰ in 2013, and the incidence of birth defects in registered population increased from 22.97 ‰ in 2009 to 42.06 ‰ in 2013, with the exception of 2009 In addition, the incidence of birth defects in migrants between 2010 and 2013 was significantly higher than that of registered permanent residents. (3) The order of birth defects in the past five years did not change much, and the top five were still congenital heart diseases, accessory ear deformities, deformities, hypospadias and hemangiomas. (4) The incidence of neural tube defects in Huairou District decreased year by year in recent 5 years. From 1.95 ‰ in 2010 to 0.58 ‰ in 2013. However, compared with Beijing, Huairou District, the incidence of neural tube defects is still high. Conclusions Third-grade preventive measures to strengthen birth defects, to further make free release of folic acid, to improve folic acid release rate and compliance in our area, and continue to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects; highly concerned about the occurrence of birth defects.