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本文研究了水面油污的微波反射及辐射特性,在实验室内进行微波介电系数的测量及水面油污反射率实验测量,实验结果和理论预期是一致的。在此基础上讨论了水面油层微波辐射与油层厚度的关系,微波检测水面油污的原理。分析结果,用S极化油面与水面亮度温度差或辐射亮度温度极化比可检测油层厚度。由于海上油污大部分小于2毫米厚度,用1.2—1.6厘米波段微波辐射计遥感油层厚度有较好的分辨率。毫米波段对检测薄油膜有较高的灵敏度。
In this paper, the microwave reflection and radiation characteristics of oil surface were studied. The microwave dielectric constant and the experimental measurement of surface oil reflectivity were carried out in the laboratory. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical expectation. On this basis, the relationship between the microwave radiation and the thickness of the oil layer is discussed, and the principle of microwave detecting oil surface is discussed. The result of the analysis is that the reservoir thickness can be detected by the temperature difference between the S-polarized oil surface and the water surface brightness temperature or radiation brightness temperature. As the majority of offshore oil pollution is less than 2 mm thick, with 1.2-1.6 cm band microwave radiometer remote sensing reservoir thickness has a better resolution. The millimeter wave band has a high sensitivity for detecting thin oil films.